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Properties of substance:

iodine

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

I2

Structural formula as text:

I2

Molar/atomic mass: 253.81

Melting point (°C):

113.5

Boiling point (°C):

184.3


Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,2-dichloroethane: 5.43 (25°C) [Ref.]
1-hexanol: very soluble [Ref.]
10% aqueous potassium iodide solution: 160 (20°C) [Ref.]
10% aqueous sodium iodide solution: 0.96 (20°C) [Ref.]
2,2-dimethylbutane: 1.369 (25°C) [Ref.]
2-butanol: 9.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
acetaldehyde: soluble [Ref.]
acetic acid: 1.76 (20°C) [Ref.]
acetic acid: 2.78 (30°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 2.73 (-84°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 6.76 (-75°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 8.83 (-70.5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 15.06 (-54.75°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 13.5 (-53.5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 8.6 (-44.5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 5.3 (-30°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 4.25 (-18°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 2.66 (-5°C) [Ref.]
acetone: 2.56 (0°C) [Ref.]
allyl iodide: soluble [Ref.]
allyl isothiocyanate: soluble [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : soluble [Ref.]
amyl alcohol: very soluble [Ref.]
aniline: soluble [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: very soluble [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: 8.42 (0°C) [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: 11.88 (15°C) [Ref.]
arsenic trichloride: 36.89 (96°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 16.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 19.19 (30°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 25.08 (40°C) [Ref.]
benzene: 34.25 (50°C) [Ref.]
benzonitrile: very soluble [Ref.]
bromoethane: 14.6 (25°C) [Ref.]
bromoform: 3.33 (5.6°C) [Ref.]
bromoform: 7.07 (25°C) [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: 0.0232 (-21°C) [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: 0.1759 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 8.57 (0°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 17.1 (20°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 20.4 (25°C) [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 33.7 (40°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: 2.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 0.089 (-60°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 0.404 (-25°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 1.24 (0°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 2.63 (20°C) [Ref.]
chloroform: 3.092 (24°C) [Ref.]
cyclohexane: 2.79 (25°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 15.1 (-108°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 20 (17°C) [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 33.73 (25°C) [Ref.]
diethylene glycol: soluble [Ref.]
dimethylamine: very soluble [Ref.]
dimethylformamide: 25 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: very soluble [Ref.]
ethanol: 20 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 27.17 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 12.49 (8°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 15.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 19.26 (30°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : soluble [Ref.]
fluorine liquid: insoluble [Ref.]
furfural : soluble [Ref.]
glycerol: 0.97 (25°C) [Ref.]
glycerol 86.5%: 0.47 (20°C) [Ref.]
heptane: 1.73 (25°C) [Ref.]
heptane: 4.38 (50°C) [Ref.]
hexane: 13.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: reaction [Ref.]
hydrogen chloride liquid anhydrous: soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : insoluble [Ref.]
i-butanol: 9.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
iodine pentafluoride: soluble [Ref.]
kerosene: soluble [Ref.]
mesitylene: 25.31 (25°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 23.35 (25°C) [Ref.]
methyl acetate: soluble [Ref.]
methyl nitrate: soluble [Ref.]
methyl salicylate: soluble [Ref.]
methylamine: very soluble [Ref.]
methylene iodide: very soluble [Ref.]
nitrobenzene: 4.22 (16°C) [Ref.]
nitrogen dioxide : very soluble [Ref.]
p-xylene: 19.83 (25°C) [Ref.]
pentane: 0.605 (0°C) [Ref.]
pentane: 1.377 (19°C) [Ref.]
perfluoro-n-heptane: 0.0119 (25°C) [Ref.]
perfluoro-n-heptane: 0.0187 (35°C) [Ref.]
perfluorotributylamine: 0.008776 (25°C) [Ref.]
perfluorotributylamine: 0.01445 (35°C) [Ref.]
perfluorotributylamine: 0.02547 (45°C) [Ref.]
propionitrile: 14.1 (25°C) [Ref.]
quinoline: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dichloride: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: soluble [Ref.]
sulfur monochloride: soluble [Ref.]
sulfuric acid 83%: 0.36 [Ref.]
sulfuryl chloride: soluble [Ref.]
toluene: 18.25 (25°C) [Ref.]
triethylene glycol: soluble [Ref.]
trimethylamine: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
valeric acid: soluble [Ref.]
water: 0.016 (0°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.028 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.034 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.0549 (40°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.096 (60°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.45 (100°C) [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1811
Triple point temperature (°C): 116
Triple point pressure (torr): 90

Density:

4.94 (20°C, g/cm3)
4.866 (60°C, g/cm3)
3.96 (120°C, g/cm3)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.000000001 (-104°C)
0.00000001 (-95°C)
0.0000001 (-85°C)
0.000001 (-74°C)
0.00001 (-61.3°C)
0.0001 (-46.9°C)
0.001 (-30.2°C)
0.01 (-10.8°C)
0.03 (0°C)
0.1 (12.1°C)
0.131 (15°C)
0.31 (25°C)
1 (39.4°C)
2.154 (50°C)
10 (73.2°C)
15.15 (80.4°C)
87 (113.8°C)
100 (115.8°C)
142.9 (127.1°C)
505.5 (169.4°C)
764.2 (184.4°C)

    Electrode potential:

    I2(ж.) + 2e- → 2I-, E = 0.536 V (water, 25°C)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (s)

    Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (s)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    116.15 (s)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    54.43 (s)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    62.4 (g)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    260.6 (g)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    36.89 (g)

    LD50 (mg/kg):

    1000 (mice, oral)

    Critical temperature (°C):

    553

    References:

    1. Comey A. M., Hahn D. A. A dictionary of Chemical Solubilities Inorganic. - 2 ed. - New York, The MacMillan Company, 1921. - pp. 408-416
    2. Kaiho T. Iodine chemistry and applications. - Wiley, 2015
    3. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 654-678
    4. Государственная фармакопея СССР. - 10-е изд. - М.: Медицина, 1968. - pp. 375-376 [Russian]
    5. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.2. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 208 [Russian]
    6. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 48, 50 [Russian]
    7. Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 29 [Russian]
    8. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 274-276 [Russian]
    9. Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.1. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 237-256 [Russian]
    10. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 65 [Russian]
    11. Реми Г. Курс неорганической химии. - Т.1. - М., 1963. - pp. 825-839 [Russian]
    12. Скурихин И.М., Нечаев А.П. Все о пище с точки зрения химика. - М.: Высшая школа, 1991. - pp. 220-273 [Russian]
    13. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 623-636 [Russian]
    14. Справочник химика. - Т. 3. - М.-Л.: Химия, 1965. - pp. 303 [Russian]
    15. Химическая технология неорганических веществ. - Кн.2, под ред. Ахметова Т.Г. - М.: Высшая школа, 2002. - pp. 343-365 [Russian]
    16. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 251-252 [Russian]
    17. Энциклопедия для детей. - Т.17: Химия. - М.: Аванта+, 2004. - pp. 83, 246-247 [Russian]
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      © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru