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Properties of substance:

pentanoic acid

Synonyms:

valeric acid

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C5H10O2

Structural formula as text:

CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH

Molar/atomic mass: 102.132

Melting point (°C):

-33.83

Boiling point (°C):

186.05

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ammonia liquid : soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
water: 3.7 (16°C) [Ref.]
water: 4.52 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 5.55 (35°C) [Ref.]

Density:

0.9391 (25°C, g/cm3)

Refractive index (nD):

1.4085 (25°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

10 (82.7°C)
23 (96°C)

    Dissociation:

    pKa (1) = 4.86 (25°C, water)

    Permittivity (dielectric constant):

    2.66 (20°C)

    Viscosity (mPa·s):

    2.359 (15°C)
    1.724 (30°C)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    -559.4 (l)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    259.8 (l)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    210.3 (l)

    Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

    11.89

    Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

    2851.8

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    -491.9 (g)

    Critical temperature (°C):

    378

    Critical pressure (MPa):

    3.8

    References:

    1. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-29, 8-113
    2. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 301-302
    3. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H., Jain P. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. – 2nd ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 166
    4. Маркман А.Л. Химия липидов. - Вып. 1: Жирные кислоты. - Ташкент: Издательство АН Узбекской ССР, 1963. - pp. 16 [Russian]
    5. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 135 [Russian]
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      © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru