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Properties of substance:
ammonium sulfate
Group of substances:
inorganic
Physical appearance:
colorless rhombic crystals
Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):
H
8
N
2
O
4
S
Structural formula as text:
(NH4)2SO4
Molar/atomic mass: 132.13
Decomposition temperature (°C):
218
Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):
acetic acid
: sparingly soluble [
Ref.
]
acetone
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
carbon disulphide
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
diethyl ether
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
ethanol
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
ethyl acetate
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
formic acid 95%
: 25.4 (16.5°C) [
Ref.
]
methanol
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
methyl acetate
: insoluble [
Ref.
]
sulfur dioxide
: 0.067 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
sulfuric acid
: soluble [
Ref.
]
water
: 70.1 (0°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 72.7 (10°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 75.4 (20°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 76.9 (25°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 78.1 (30°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 81.2 (40°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 84.3 (50°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 87.4 (60°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 94.1 (80°C) [
Ref.
]
water
: 102 (100°C) [
Ref.
]
Multicomponent solubility (in wt%):
water 98.734%, ammonium sulfate 1.12%, calcium sulfate 0.146%, 25 °C, separating phase:
CaSO4 * 2H2O
[
Ref.
]
water 94.307%, ammonium sulfate 5.51%, calcium sulfate 0.183%, 25 °C, separating phase:
CaSO4 * 2H2O
[
Ref.
]
water 70.967%, ammonium sulfate 28.66%, calcium sulfate 0.373%, 25 °C, separating phase:
CaSO4 * 2H2O
[
Ref.
]
water 64.764%, ammonium sulfate 34.85%, calcium sulfate 0.386%, 25 °C, separating phase: CaSO4 * 2H2O + (NH4)2SO4 * CaSO4 * H2O [
Ref.
]
water 63.02%, ammonium sulfate 36.67%, calcium sulfate 0.31%, 25 °C, separating phase: (NH4)2SO4 * CaSO4 * H2O [
Ref.
]
water 59.1%, ammonium sulfate 40.7%, calcium sulfate 0.2%, 25 °C, separating phase: (NH4)2SO4 * CaSO4 * H2O [
Ref.
]
water 51.3%, IPA 45.58%, ammonium sulfate 3.12%, 25 °C [
Ref.
]
water 71.7%, IPA 14.2%, ammonium sulfate 14.1%, 25 °C [
Ref.
]
water 57.53%, IPA 0.97%, ammonium sulfate 41.5%, 25 °C [
Ref.
]
Properties of solutions:
10% (wt.), solvent - water
Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.168 (20°)
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.0574 (20°)
Index of refraction = 1.3492 (20°)
Freezing point (°C) = -2.89
42,6% (wt.), solvent - water
Density (g/cm
3
) = 1.248 (20°)
Numerical data:
Critical relative humidity (%): 79.2
Density:
1.77 (20°C, g/cm
3
)
Reactions:
[
Ref.1
]
(NH
4
)
2
SO
4
+ 3Cl
2
→ NCl
3
+ NH
4
HSO
4
+ 3HCl
Refractive index (n
D
):
1.521 (20°C)
Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation Δ
f
H (298 K, kJ/mol)
-1180.9 (s) [
Ref.
]
Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Δ
f
G (298 K, kJ/mol)
-901.7 (s) [
Ref.
]
Standard molar entropy S (298 K, J/(mol·K))
220.1 (s) [
Ref.
]
Molar heat capacity at constant pressure C
p
(298 K, J/(mol·K))
187.5 (s) [
Ref.
]
LD
50
(mg/kg):
4540 (rats, oral)
4280 (mice, oral)
References:
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development. - 1970. - Vol. 9, No. 4. - pp. 489-494
Lewis R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. - 11ed. - Wiley-interscience, 2004. - pp. 242
Milne G.W.A. Gardner's Commercially Important Chemicals. - Wiley-Interscience, 2005. - pp. 36
Patnaik P. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. - McGraw-Hill, 2003. - pp. 43-45
Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1122-1132
Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.2. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 1237-1253 [Russian]
Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 54 [Russian]
Справочник азотчика. - М.: Химия, 1987. - pp. 228-234 [Russian]
Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 219-220 [Russian]
Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 154 [Russian]
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© Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru