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Properties of substance:

citric acid

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless monoclinic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C6H8O7

Structural formula as text:

(HOOCCH2)2C(OH)COOH

Molar/atomic mass: 192.13

Melting point (°C):

153.5

Decomposition temperature (°C):

175

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,4-dioxane: 35.9 (25°C) [Ref.]
1-propanol: 62.8 (19°C) [Ref.]
amyl acetate: 4.41 (25°C) [Ref.]
benzene: insoluble [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: insoluble [Ref.]
chloroform: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 1.05 (25°C) [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: 40 (20.3°C) [Ref.]
ethanol: 62 (25°C) [Ref.]
formic acid 95%: 12.25 (20°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
methanol: 197 (19°C) [Ref.]
p-cymene: 0.034 (25°C) [Ref.]
toluene: insoluble [Ref.]
trichloroethylene: 0.012 (15°C) [Ref.]
water: 133 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 525 (100°C) [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.283 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0402 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3459 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -1.12

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1784

Density:

1.542 (18°C, g/cm3)

Refractive index (nD):

1.46 (150°C)

Dissociation:

pKa (1) = 3.128 (25°C, water)
pKa (2) = 4.761 (25°C, water)
pKa (3) = 6.388 (25°C, water)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH (298 K, kJ/mol)

-1543.8 (s) [Ref.]

LD50 (mg/kg):

6400 (rats, oral)
290 (rats, intraperitoneal)
7280 (mice, oral)

References:

  1. Apelblat A. Citric acid. - Springer, 2014
  2. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. - 1987. - Vol. 19. - pp. 317-320
  3. Jouyban A. Handbook of solubility data for pharmaceutacals. – CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 72
  4. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 427-429
  5. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. - CRC Press, 2003. - pp. 278-279
  6. Краткая химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2: Ж-Малоновый эфир. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1963. - pp. 968 [Russian]
  7. Смирнов В.А. Пищевые кислоты. - М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1983. - pp. 26-195, 249 [Russian]
  8. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 446-447 [Russian]
  9. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 1137, 1163, 1463-1464 [Russian]
  10. Справочник химика. - Т. 2. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1964. - pp. 758-759 [Russian]
  11. Токсикологический вестник. - 1994. - №5. - pp. 9-12 [Russian]
  12. Хёрд Ч.Д. Пиролиз соединений углерода. - Л.-М.: ГОНТИ РКТП СССР, 1938. - pp. 436-437 [Russian]
  13. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 594 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru