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Properties of substance:

methylbenzene



skc-file

Synonyms:

toluene

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C7H8

Structural formula as text:

C6H5CH3

Molar/atomic mass: 92.138

Melting point (°C):

-95

Boiling point (°C):

110.626

CAS №: 108-88-3

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

ammonia liquid : sparingly soluble [Ref.]
diethylene glycol: 20.7 (25°C) [Ref.]
ethanol 92%: 733 (15°C) [Ref.]
ethylene glycol : 3.1 (25°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : 1.02 (-20°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : 1.56 (0°C) [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : 2.43 (15°C) [Ref.]
propylene glycol: 14 (25°C) [Ref.]
sulfolane: miscible [Ref.]
water: 0.057 (16°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.063 (25°C) [Ref.]

Density:

0.96 (-183°C, g/cm3)
0.86694 (20°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. Yeild 86%. [Ref.1aster, Ref.2aster]
    C6H5CH3 + 3H2 → C6H11CH3
  2. Yeild 46%. [Ref.1, Ref.2]
    CH3C6H5 + CO → CH3C6H4CHO

Refractive index (nD):

1.49693 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.0075 (-78.1°C)
0.075 (-57.1°C)
0.75 (-31.3°C)
1 (-26.1°C)
7.5 (1.5°C)
10 (6.4°C)
14 (14.5°C)
40 (31.8°C)
75 (45.2°C)
100 (51.9°C)
400 (89.5°C)
750 (110.1°C)

Dissociation:

pKBH+ (1) = -6.3 (0°C, hydrogen fluoride )
pKa (1) = 35 (20°C, water)

Retention indices for gas chromatography:

761,7 (phase - DB-5, temperature-programmed conditions, 6 K/min)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

2.379 (25°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH (298 K, kJ/mol)

12.4 (l) [Ref.]
50.5 (g) [Ref.]

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298 K, J/(mol·K))

157.3 (l) [Ref.]

LD50 (mg/kg):

7000 (white rats, oral)

References:

  1. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 542-543
  2. Smallwood I.M. Handbook of organic solvent properties. - 1996. - pp. 39-41
  3. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. - CRC Press, 2003. - pp. 390-391
  4. Абрамзон А.А. Поверхностно-активные вещества: Свойства и применение. - Л.: Химия, 1981. - pp. 79 [Russian]
  5. Бабаян Э.А., Гаевский А.В., Бардин Е.В. Правовые аспекты оборота наркотических, психотропных, сильнодействующих, ядовитых веществ и прекурсоров. - М.: МЦФЭР, 2000. - pp. 147 [Russian]
  6. Воскресенский П.И., Каверина А.А., Парменов К.Я., Цветков Л.А., Эпштейн Д.А. Справочник по химии. - 4 изд. - М.: Просвещение, 1978. - pp. 200 [Russian]
  7. Гордон А., Форд Р. Спутник химика. - М.: Мир, 1976. - pp. 76 [Russian]
  8. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 229 [Russian]
  9. Промышленные хлорорганические продукты: Справочник. - М.: Химия, 1978. - pp. 622-623 [Russian]
  10. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 183 [Russian]
  11. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 476 [Russian]
  12. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.2. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1962. - pp. 1224 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru