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Properties of substance:

glycerol



skc-file

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C3H8O3

Structural formula as text:

HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH

Molar/atomic mass: 92.09

Melting point (°C):

20

Boiling point (°C):

290

Decomposition temperature (°C):

290

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: very soluble [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : miscible [Ref.]
benzene: insoluble [Ref.]
benzine: insoluble [Ref.]
carbon dioxide liquid: 0.05 [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: insoluble [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: insoluble [Ref.]
chloroform: insoluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: 0.25 [Ref.]
dimethylsulfoxide: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
ethyl acetate: 9 [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : very soluble [Ref.]
methanol: miscible [Ref.]
petroleum ether: insoluble [Ref.]
sulfolane: miscible [Ref.]
water: miscible [Ref.]

Properties of solutions:

10% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 1.31 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0215 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3448 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -2.32
15% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -3.1
30% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -9.4
40% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 3.73 (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.0984 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.3841 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -15.2
48% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.12 (20°)
50% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -23.
52% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.1308 (20°)
60% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.153 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -34.4
66,7% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -46.52
70% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -38.8
80% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.2085 (20°)
  Freezing point (°C) = -20.4
88% (wt.), solvent - water
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.2299 (20°)
90% (wt.), solvent - water
  Freezing point (°C) = -1.6
96% (wt.), solvent - water
  Dynamic viscosity (mPa·s) = 648. (20°)
  Density (g/cm3) = 1.2508 (20°)
  Index of refraction = 1.4674 (20°)

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1779
Sweetness potency сompared with a 2% (w/v) aqueous solution of sucrose: 0.48

Not numerical data:

hygroscopic

Density:

1.2604 (20°C, g/cm3)

Refractive index (nD):

1.4729 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (125.5°C)
9 (166°C)
10 (167.2°C)
20 (182°C)
40 (198°C)
100 (220.1°C)
400 (263°C)

Dissociation:

pKa (1) = 13.99 (25°C, water)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

42.5 (25°C)

Dipole moment (D):

0.28 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

945 (25°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

62.5 (25°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

1895 (20°C, aggregative state - liquid)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-669.6 (l)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

206.3 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

218.9 (l)

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

88.12

Flash point (°C):

174

Autoignition temperature (°C):

393

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-577.9 (g)

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization at boiling point ΔvapH (kJ/mol)

61 (l) [Ref.]

LD50 (mg/kg):

28000 (rats, oral)

References:

  1. Armarego W. L. F. Purification of Laboratory Chemicals. - 5ed. - 2003. - pp. 252
  2. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. - 90ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 5-25
  3. Seidell A. Solubilities of organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.2. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1941. - pp. 209-210
  4. Бирун А.М. Практикум по органической химии. - М., 1961. - pp. 53 [Russian]
  5. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 182-183 [Russian]
  6. Девяткин В.В., Ляхова Ю.М. Химия для любознательных, или о чем не узнаешь на уроке. - Ярославль: Академия Холдинг, 2000. - pp. 44-45 [Russian]
  7. Маркман А.Л. Химия липидов. - Вып. 2. - Ташкент: Издательство ФАН Узбекской ССР, 1970. - pp. 102-150 [Russian]
  8. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 141 [Russian]
  9. Рахманкулов Д.Л., Кимсанов Б.Х., Чанышев Р.Р. Физические и химические свойства глицерина. - М.: Химия, 2003 [Russian]
  10. Токсикологический вестник. - 2004. - №3. - pp. 38 [Russian]
  11. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 585 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru