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Properties of substance:

thorium

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

cubic metal

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Th

Structural formula as text:

Th

Molar/atomic mass: 232.04

Melting point (°C):

1750

Boiling point (°C):

4800

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

mercury: 0.0154 (25°C) [Ref.]
mercury: 5 (300°C) [Ref.]
water: insoluble [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1828
Superconducting temperature (K): 1.374

Density:

11.7 (25°C, g/cm3)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.1 (2460°C)
1 (2730°C)
10 (3080°C)
100 (3610°C)

    Electrode potential:

    Th4+ + e- → Th3+, E = -3.7 V (water, 25°C)
    Th4+ + 4e- → Th, E = -1.899 V (water, 25°C)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (s)

    Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (s)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    53.39 (s)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    27.32 (s)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    594 (g)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    190 (g)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    20.8 (g)

    Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

    14

    Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

    540

    References:

    1. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1528
    2. Бекман И.Н. Радиохимия. Том II: Радиоактивные элементы. - М.: Издатель Мархитин П.Ю., 2014. - pp. 129-136 [Russian]
    3. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
    4. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 105, 312 [Russian]
    5. Рябчиков Д.И., Гольбрайх Е.К. Аналитическая химия тория. - М.: ИАН СССР, 1960. - pp. 5-18 [Russian]
    6. Сонгина О.А. Редкие металлы. - 3 изд. - М.: Металлургия, 1964. - pp. 239-246 [Russian]
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      © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru