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Properties of substance:

pentane



skc-file

Synonyms:

n-pentane

Group of substances:

organic

Physical appearance:

colorless liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

C5H12

Structural formula as text:

CH3(CH2)3CH3

Molar/atomic mass: 72.149

Melting point (°C):

-129.721

Boiling point (°C):

36.074

CAS №: 109-66-0

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: miscible [Ref.]
benzene: miscible [Ref.]
chloroform: miscible [Ref.]
diethyl ether: miscible [Ref.]
ethanol: miscible [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : slightly soluble [Ref.]
methanol: 76.5 (5°C) [Ref.]
methanol: 101 (10°C) [Ref.]
methanol: miscible (14.25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.00385 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.00694 (99.1°C) [Ref.]

Density:

0.6455 (0°C, g/cm3)
0.636 (10°C, g/cm3)
0.62624 (20°C, g/cm3)
0.62139 (25°C, g/cm3)
0.6163 (30°C, g/cm3)

Reactions of synthesis:

  1. [Ref.1]
    CH3(CH2)4COONa + NaOH → CH3(CH2)3CH3 + Na2CO3

Refractive index (nD):

1.3575 (20°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

1 (-76°C)
10 (-50.1°C)
40 (-29.3°C)
100 (-12.6°C)
400 (18.5°C)
442 (21°C)

Permittivity (dielectric constant):

1.844 (20°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

0.24 (20°C)
0.2152 (25°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

15 (30°C)

Speed sound (m/s):

220 (134°C, aggregative state - gas)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-173.5 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

167.2 (l)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

8.42

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

26.43

Flash point (°C):

-40

Heat of combustion (kJ/mol):

3486.9

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

-146.9 (g)

Critical temperature (°C):

196.9

Critical pressure (MPa):

3.35

Critical density (g/cm3):

0.232

References:

  1. Gallant R.W., Railey J.M. Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons. - 2 ed., vol. 1 - Houston, 1992. - pp. 157-164
  2. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data. - 1961. - Vol. 6, No. 3. - pp. 339
  3. Smallwood I.M. Handbook of organic solvent properties. - 1996. - pp. 3-5
  4. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. - CRC Press, 2003. - pp. 177-178
  5. Yalkowsky S.H., Yan H., Jain P. Handbook of aqueous solubility data. – 2nd ed. - CRC Press, 2010. - pp. 176
  6. Воскресенский П.И., Каверина А.А., Парменов К.Я., Цветков Л.А., Эпштейн Д.А. Справочник по химии. - 4 изд. - М.: Просвещение, 1978. - pp. 200 [Russian]
  7. Вредные химические вещества: Углеводороды, галогенпроизводные углеводородов. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1990. - pp. 27-29 [Russian]
  8. Краткий справочник физико-химических величин. - Под ред. Мищенко К.П., Равделя А.А. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 105 [Russian]
  9. Промышленные хлорорганические продукты: Справочник. - М.: Химия, 1978. - pp. 617-619 [Russian]
  10. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 171 [Russian]
  11. Справочник химика. - 2 изд., Т.1. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 632 [Russian]
  12. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 3. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1992. - pp. 460 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru