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Properties of substance:

mercury

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Hg

Structural formula as text:

Hg

Molar/atomic mass: 200.59

Melting point (°C):

-38.89

Boiling point (°C):

356.66

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

1,4-dioxane: 0.0000007 (25°C) [Ref.]
ammonia liquid : practically insoluble [Ref.]
benzene: 0.0000002 (20°C) [Ref.]
gallium: 10.3 (95°C) [Ref.]
hydrazine: insoluble [Ref.]
phosphorus white: 0.0285 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.000002 (30°C) [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Superconducting temperature (K): 3.74
Superconducting temperature (K): 3.95
Superconducting temperature (K): 4.153

Density:

14.193 (-38.9°C, g/cm3)
13.5954 (0°C, g/cm3)
13.5461 (20°C, g/cm3)
12.8806 (300°C, g/cm3)

Reactions:

  1. [Ref.1]
    2Hg + O2 → 2HgO
  2. [Ref.1]
    CH3I + Hg → CH3HgI
  3. [Ref.1]
    Hg + HgCl2 → Hg2Cl2
  4. [Ref.1]
    Hg + I2 → HgI2
  5. [Ref.1]
    Hg + 4HI → H2[HgI4] + H2
  6. [Ref.1]
    Hg + 2H2SO4 → HgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
  7. [Ref.1aster]
    2Hg + 2H2SO4 → Hg2SO4 + SO2 + 2H2O
  8. [Ref.1]
    Hg + 4HNO3 → Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O
  9. [Ref.1]
    3Hg + 8HNO3 (30%) → 3Hg(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O

Half-life:

17180Hg = about 70 μs (α (about 100%))
17280Hg = 231 μs (α (about 100%))
17380Hg = 800 μs (α (100%))
17480Hg = 2.0 ms (α (about 100%))
17580Hg = 10.6 ms ()
175m80Hg = 340 ns (internal transition (100%))
17680Hg = 20.3 ms (α (90%))
17780Hg = 127.3 ms (α (85%), β+ (15%))
177m80Hg = 1.50 μs (internal transition (100%))
17880Hg = 266.5 ms (α (89%))
17980Hg = 1.05 s (α (75%))
179m80Hg = 6.4 μs (internal transition (100%))
18080Hg = 2.59 s (α (48%), β+ (52%))
18180Hg = 3.6 s (β+ (73%), α (27%), β+p (0.013%))
181m80Hg = 480 μs ()
18280Hg = 10.83 s (β+ (86.2%), α (13.8%), β+p (< 0.00001%))
18380Hg = 9.4 s (β+ (88.3%), α (11.7%), β+p (0.00026%))
18480Hg = 30.87 s (β+ (98.89%), α (1.11%))
18580Hg = 49.1 s (β+ (94%), α (6%))
185m80Hg = 21.6 s (internal transition (54%), β+ (46%), α (about 0.03%))
18680Hg = 1.38 min (β+ (about 100%), α (0.016%))
186m80Hg = 82 μs (internal transition (100%))
18780Hg = 1.9 min (β+ (100%))
187m80Hg = 2.4 min (β+ (100%))
18880Hg = 3.25 min (β+ (100%), α (0.000037%))
188m80Hg = 134 ns (internal transition (100%))
18980Hg = 7.6 min (β+ (100%))
189m80Hg = 8.6 min (β+ (100%))
19080Hg = 20.0 min (electron capture (about 100%))
19180Hg = 49 min (β+ (100%))
191m80Hg = 50.8 min (β+ (100%))
19280Hg = 4.85 h (electron capture (100%))
19380Hg = 3.80 h (β+ (100%))
193m80Hg = 11.8 h (β+ (92.8%), internal transition (7.2%))
19480Hg = 447 y (electron capture (100%))
19580Hg = 10.69 h (β+ (100%))
195m80Hg = 41.60 h (internal transition (54.2%), β+ (45.8%))
19680Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 0,15%))
19780Hg = 64.94 h (electron capture (100%))
197m80Hg = 23.8 h (internal transition (91.4%), electron capture (8.6%))
19880Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 9,97%))
19980Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 16,87%))
199m80Hg = 42.67 min (internal transition (100%))
20080Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 23,1%))
20180Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 13,18%))
201m80Hg = 94.0 μs (internal transition (100%))
20280Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 29,86%))
20380Hg = 46.613 d (β- (100%))
203m80Hg = 21.9 μs (internal transition (100%))
203n80Hg = 146 ns (internal transition (100%))
20480Hg = stable ( (isotopic abundance 6,87%))
204m80Hg = 29 ns (internal transition (100%))
20580Hg = 5.14 min (β- (100%))
205m80Hg = 1.09 ms (internal transition (100%))
205n80Hg = 5.89 μs (internal transition (100%))
20680Hg = 8.32 min (β- (100%))
206m80Hg = 2.09 μs (internal transition (100%))
206n80Hg = 106 ns (internal transition (100%))
20780Hg = 2.9 min (β- (100%))
20880Hg = 42 min (β- (100%))
208m80Hg = 99 ns (internal transition (100%))
20980Hg = 38 s (β- (100%))
21080Hg = 64 s (β- (100%), β-n (2.2%))
21180Hg = 26 s (β- (100%), β-n (6.3%))

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.000002354 (-38°C)
0.000006696 (-30°C)
0.000022 (-20°C)
0.00006734 (-10°C)
0.0001898 (0°C)
0.0004971 (10°C)
0.000598 (12°C)
0.0007193 (14°C)
0.0008658 (16°C)
0.001 (17.6°C)
0.00122 (20°C)
0.001448 (22°C)
0.001713 (24°C)
0.002023 (26°C)
0.002385 (28°C)
0.002801 (30°C)
0.01 (46.9°C)
0.1 (82°C)
0.2713 (100°C)
1 (126.5°C)
10 (184°C)
17.12 (200°C)
100 (260.4°C)
246.55 (300°C)
1520 (399.1°C)
3800 (461.6°C)
7600 (519.2°C)
15200 (587.4°C)
30400 (668°C)
45600 (723.5°C)

Electrode potential:

Hg2+ + e- → Hg+, E = -1.5 V (water, 25°C)
Hg2+ + 2e- → Hg, E = 0.854 V (water, 25°C)

Viscosity (mPa·s):

1.855 (-20°C)
1.685 (0°C)
1.554 (20°C)
1.45 (40°C)
1.367 (60°C)
1.24 (100°C)
1.052 (200°C)
0.95 (300°C)

Surface tension (mN/m):

479.5 (0°C)
473.5 (25°C)
467.5 (50°C)
456 (100°C)
433 (200°C)
400 (300°C)

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (l)

Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

0 (l)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

75.9 (l)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

27.98 (l)

Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

2.29

Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

59.22

Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

61.4 (g)

Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

174.86 (g)

Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

20.786 (g)

Critical temperature (°C):

1490

References:

  1. Kozin L. F., Hansen S. Mercury Handbook: Chemistry, Application and Environmental Impact. - RSC Publishing, 2013
  2. Liu G., Cai Y., O'Driscoll Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of mercury. - Wiley, 2012
  3. Вестник ДВО РАН. - 2004. - №3. - pp. 100-110 [Russian]
  4. Вредные вещества в промышленности: Справочник для химиков, инженеров и врачей. - 7-е изд., Т.3. - Л.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 386-389 [Russian]
  5. Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов I-IV групп. Справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1988. - pp. 170-189 [Russian]
  6. Гладышев В.П., Левицкая С.А., Филлипова Л.М. Аналитическая химия ртути. - М.: Наука, 1974 [Russian]
  7. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
  8. Леенсон И.А. Занимательная химия. - Ч. 2. - М.: Дрофа, 1996. - pp. 26-33 [Russian]
  9. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.2. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 183, 185, 188-192 [Russian]
  10. Пугачевич П.П. Работа со ртутью в лабораторных и производственных условиях. - М.: Химия, 1972 [Russian]
  11. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 92 [Russian]
  12. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 5 [Russian]
  13. Справочник химика. - 2 изд., Т.1. - Л.-М.: Химия, 1966. - pp. 725-727 [Russian]
  14. Токсикологический вестник. - 2006. - №3. - pp. 2-8 [Russian]
  15. Успехи химии. - 1997. - Т.66, №2. - pp. 112 [Russian]
  16. Физические величины. - Под ред. Григорьева И.С., Мейлихова Е.З. - М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1991. - pp. 449 [Russian]
  17. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 4. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1995. - pp. 278-280 [Russian]
  18. Якименко Л.М., Пасманик М.И. Справочник по производству хлора, каустической соды и основных хлорпродуктов. - 2 изд. - М.: Химия, 1976. - pp. 228-232 [Russian]

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    © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru