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Properties of substance:

bromine

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

liquid

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Br2

Structural formula as text:

Br2

CAS No: 7726-95-6

Molar/atomic mass: 159.81

Melting point (°C):

-7.25

Boiling point (°C):

58.8

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

acetone: reaction [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: miscible [Ref.]
carbon disulphide: 83.15 (-95°C) [Ref.]
carbon tetrachloride: soluble [Ref.]
chloroform: very soluble [Ref.]
diethyl ether: very soluble [Ref.]
ethanol: very soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen chloride liquid anhydrous: very soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : sparingly soluble [Ref.]
kerosene: soluble [Ref.]
phosphoric acid 85%: sparingly soluble [Ref.]
sulfur dioxide: miscible [Ref.]
sulfur monochloride: soluble [Ref.]
sulfuric acid 95%: 0.75 (25°C) [Ref.]
water: 4.3 (-0.58°C) [Ref.]
water: 3.58 (20°C) [Ref.]
water: 3.43 (30°C) [Ref.]
water: 3.58 (54°C) [Ref.]
water: 0.14 (100°C) [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1826
Triple point temperature (°C): -7.3
Triple point pressure (torr): 46

Density:

3.4 (-7.3°C, d4)
3.1883 (0°C, d4)
3.1193 (20°C, g/cm3)
3.102 (25°C, g/cm3)
3.0848 (30°C, g/cm3)
3.0494 (40°C, d4)

Refractive index (nD):

1.6475 (25°C)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.13 (-80°C)
0.79 (-60°C)
1.09 (-50°C)
3.4 (-40°C)
7.45 (-30°C)
10 (-26°C)
16.5 (-20°C)
44.4 (-7.3°C)
65.9 (0°C)
100 (8.6°C)
173 (20°C)
264 (30°C)
392 (40°C)
564 (50°C)

    Electrode potential:

    Br2(ж.) + 2e- → 2Br-, E = 1.065 V (water, 25°C)

    Permittivity (dielectric constant):

    3.22 (15°C)

    Viscosity (mPa·s):

    1.253 (0°C)
    0.942 (25°C)
    0.746 (50°C)

    Surface tension (mN/m):

    44.1 (13°C)
    41.5 (20°C)

    Speed sound (m/s):

    135 (0°C, aggregative state - gas)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (l)

    Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (l)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    152.2 (l)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    75.69 (l)

    Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

    9.44

    Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

    29.5

    LD50 (mg/kg):

    5500 (guinea pig, oral)
    3100 (mice, oral)

    Critical temperature (°C):

    311

    Critical pressure (MPa):

    10.3

    Critical density (g/cm3):

    1.18

    References:

    1. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - 1966. - Vol. 5, No. 3. - pp. 280-287
    2. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. - 6 ed., Vol. 1. - Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. - pp. 103-109
    3. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 206-214
    4. Агрономов А.Е., Шабаров Ю.С. Лабораторные работы в органическом практикуме. - М., 1974. - pp. 276-277 [Russian]
    5. Вредные химические вещества: Неорганические соединения элементов V-VIII групп. Справочник. - Л., 1989. - pp. 389-390 [Russian]
    6. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 50, 229 [Russian]
    7. Карякин Ю.В., Ангелов И.И. Чистые химические вещества. - М., 1974. - pp. 75-76 [Russian]
    8. Позин М.Е. Технология минеральных солей (удобрений, пестицидов, промышленных солей, окислов и кислот). - Ч.1. - Л.: Химия, 1974. - pp. 206-231 [Russian]
    9. Полянский Н.Г. Аналитическая химия брома. - М.: Наука, 1980. - pp. 13-19 [Russian]
    10. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 57 [Russian]
    11. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 621-623 [Russian]
    12. Физические величины. - Под ред. Григорьева И.С., Мейлихова Е.З. - М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1991. - pp. 134 [Russian]
    13. Химическая технология неорганических веществ. - Кн.2, под ред. Ахметова Т.Г. - М.: Высшая школа, 2002. - pp. 306-331 [Russian]
    14. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 1. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1988. - pp. 318 [Russian]
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      © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru