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Properties of substance:

silicon

Group of substances:

inorganic

Physical appearance:

cubic crystals

Empirical formula (Hill's system for organic substances):

Si

Structural formula as text:

Si

Molar/atomic mass: 28.09

Melting point (°C):

1420

Boiling point (°C):

3300

Solubility (g/100 g of solvent):

aluminum fused: soluble [Ref.]
hydrogen fluoride : insoluble [Ref.]
lead: 0.024 (1250°C) [Ref.]
mercury: insoluble [Ref.]
silver: 9.22 (970°C) [Ref.]
water: insoluble [Ref.]

Numerical data:

Year of discovery: 1811
Hardness on the Mohs’ scale: 7

Density:

2.33 (20°C, g/cm3)

Vapour pressure (Torr):

0.1 (1477°C)
1 (1665°C)
10 (1910°C)
100 (2239°C)

    Surface tension (mN/m):

    725 (1450°C)

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (s)

    Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation ΔfG0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    0 (s)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    18.82 (s)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    20.04 (s)

    Molar enthalpy (heat) of fusion ΔfusH (kJ/mol):

    49.8

    Enthalpy (heat) of vaporization ΔvapH (kJ/mol):

    355.6

    Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation ΔfH0 (298.15 K, kJ/mol):

    452 (g)

    Standard molar entropy S0 (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    167.9 (g)

    Molar heat capacity at constant pressure Cp (298.15 K, J/(mol·K)):

    22.3 (g)

    References:

    1. Seidell A. Solubilities of inorganic and metal organic compounds. - 3ed., vol.1. - New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1940. - pp. 1487
    2. Гринвуд Н., Эрншо А. Химия элементов. - Т.1. - М.: БИНОМ. Лаборатория знаний, 2008. - pp. 310-316 [Russian]
    3. Гурвич Я.А. Справочник молодого аппаратчика-химика. - М.: Химия, 1991. - pp. 51 [Russian]
    4. Некрасов Б.В. Основы общей химии. - Т.1. - М.: Химия, 1973. - pp. 583, 586-587 [Russian]
    5. Рабинович В.А., Хавин З.Я. Краткий химический справочник. - Л.: Химия, 1977. - pp. 74 [Russian]
    6. Справочник по растворимости. - Т.1, Кн.1. - М.-Л.: ИАН СССР, 1961. - pp. 595-596 [Russian]
    7. Химическая энциклопедия. - Т. 2. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1990. - pp. 508-509 [Russian]
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      © Collected Ruslan Anatolievich Kiper, burewestnik@mail.ru